Ezen új sorozat célja, hogy nemzetközi szakmai blogokról szemezgessen érdekes cikkeket. A mai napon Nancy Duarte oldalról (blog.duarte.com) vettem át egy cikket, ahol Steve Jobs retorikai fogásait elemzi a szerző (két könyvét is javaslom beszerezni: Slide:ology, Resonate).
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Rhetoric isn’t a bad thing—16 Rhetorical Devices Regularly Used by Steve Jobs
The word “rhetoric” gets a bad rap as a form of oratory manipulation; I view it as a communication device. When used well, it can be very moving. Prevalent in politics but not in business, let’s take a look at some the rhetorical devices Mr. Jobs used in his 2007 iPhone launch presentation. Simply brilliant.
Anaphora (means carrying up or back): The repetition of a word of phrase at the beginning of every clause.
“As you know, we’ve got the iPod, best music player in the world. We’ve got the iPod Nanos, brand new models, colors are back. We’ve got the amazing new iPod Shuffle.”
—Steve Jobs
Epiphora: The repetition of a word or phrase at the end of every clause.
“Well, these are their home screens. And again, as you recall, this is the iPhone’s home screen. This is what their contacts look like. This is what iPhone’s contacts look like.”
Symploke: The combination of one or several anaphora(s) with one or several epiphora(s).
“In 1984, we introduced the Macintosh, it didn’t just change Apple, it changed the whole computerindustry. In 2001, we introduced the first iPods, and…it didn’t just change the way we all listen to music,It changed the entire music industry.”*
*With parallelism and germinatio
Germinatio: The repetition of a word or word group within one sentence.
“That’s 58 songs every second of every minute of every hour of every day.”
“And so I’ve got voice mail how I wanna listen to it, when I wanna listen to it, in any order I wanna listen to it with visual voice mail.”
Anadiplosis: The repetition of the last word of a sentence that is also the first word of the following sentence or sequence.
“And they garnered two percent market share. Two percent market share. iPod had 62 percent market share, and the rest had 36.”
Asyndeton: Sequence or words or similar expression without the use of conjunctions.
“We’ve got movies, TV shows, music, podcasts, photos.”
Polysyndeton: Repetition of conjunctions in a series of coordinated words, phrases, or clauses.
“It’s got everything from Cocoa and the graphics and it’s got core animation built in and it’s got the audio and video that OSX is famous for.”
Interrogatio: A rhetorical question in which the answer is self-evident.
“Isn’t that incredible?”
“Want to see that again?”
“Pretty cool, huh?”
Exclamatio: An exclamation that expresses the emotional affection of the speaker.
“I just take my unit here, and I turn it landscape mode, oh, look what happens! I’m in cover flow.”
“Wha, whoa, what is this?”
Aporia: A feigned statement of doubt by the speaker and a question to the audience about how he should act.
“Now, how are we gonna communicate this? We don’t wanna carry around a mouse, right? What are we gonna do?”
Hyperbole: An exaggeration of the characteristics of an object or circumstance.
“Best version of Google Maps on the planet, widgets, and all with Edge and Wi-Fi networking.”
Simile: An explicit comparison between two things, usually using “as” or “like”.
“It works like magic.”
Antitheton: The opposition of two facts of contrasting content.
“The kind of things you would find on a typical phone, but in a very untypical way now.”
Metaphor: A comparison made by referring to one thing as another.
“A huge heart transplant to Intel microprocessors.”
Climax: The increase from a waker to a stronger expression. Thus, a word sequence is arranged in ascending order.
“First was the mouse. The second was the click wheel. And now, we’re gonna bring multi-touch to the market.”
Personification: The attribution of human properties toward things or animals.
“It already knows how to power manage….and if there’s a new message it will tell me.”
Slogans
Mr. Jobs also had specific phrases he wanted to repeat over and over. According to Carmine Gallo, this was all intentional since “reinvent the phone” was in the press release Apple sent out before the keynote.
“Today, Apple is going to reinvent the phone, and here it is.”
“So, we’re gonna reinvent the phone.”
“We wanna reinvent the phone.”
“…You’ll agree, we have reinvented the phone.”
“ Today Apple is reinventing the phone
